Cultural And Artistic Values And The Success Of Big Brother

An overview of cultural and artistic values which contribute to the success of Big Brother By Hasanein K Amori Big Brother is an example of a distinctive game doc that caused a transitional stage to traditional documentary and reality genre. Therefore, this essay will delve into its artistic and cultural value that award the show this distinction. The work will approach different dimensions evaluating the programme through a hierarchy of concepts. It will first approach the base of the hierarchy and explain reality Tv genre as a covering topic that Big Brother related to. Then, it will introduce a brief overview of the show structure. Subsequently, the work will briefly address the art of the dramatic elements and the production and budget aspect. Finally, it will mainly focus on the cultural appeal of Big Brother to its audience. Big Brother programme is categorised as a reality TV show. However, The term of reality TV is significantly broad. The reality TV is a representation of realism or actual aspects in different forms and modes composing one genre. It is in effect a contrast to imaginary to refer to the existence world in contrast to the fantasy world. Bignel (2005, P:61) clarified thatâ€Å" The artificiality of the scenario in some reality Tv programmes is countered by their use of non-actor participants, no-scripts and a temporal progression which is close to the linear unfolding of lived daily time. Also, Television reviewer Kerrie Murphy has a broaderShow MoreRelated Spike Lee Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesShelton Jackson Lee was born in Atlanta, Georgia March 20, 1957. Born to teacher Jacqueline Carroll and jazz musician William James Edward Lee, Shelton grew up in Brooklyn, New York where he was provided with a rich cultural upbringing that included plays, movies, and music (Gale 1). 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Degree of Globalisation of Ford Motor Company Free Essays

string(140) " and have had to adapt to the different approaches these firms take to vehicle development and to forming and aintaining supplier linkages\." The Automotive Industry Global vehicle production has more than doubled since 1975, from 33 to nearly 73 million in 2007. The opening of new markets in China and India has helped to drive the pace of growth. While seven countries accounted for about 80% of world production in 1975, 11 countries accounted for the same share in 2005. We will write a custom essay sample on Degree of Globalisation of Ford Motor Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now ( Starkey,K. McKinlay, A 2007: 89) Lead firms in the automotive industry, known as automakers or original equipment manufacturers, carry out most aspects of product design, the production of most engines and transmissions and nearly all vehicle assembly within their own facilities.They are large employers, traders and innovators. They have substantial coordination and buying power in the chain. The automotive industry is distinctive because of its extremely concentrated firm structure: a small number of giant companies exert an extraordinary amount of power over smaller firms. Eleven lead firms from three countries, Japan, Germany and the USA, dominate production in the main markets. The global scope of both lead firms and the largest suppliers was enhanced by a wave of mergers and acquisitions, and equity-based alliances in the 1990s.A second distinctive feature specific to the automotive industry is that final vehicle assembly, and by extension, parts production, has largely been kept close to end markets because of political sensitivities. Market saturation, high levels of motorisation and the tendency for automakers to ‘build where they sell’ have also encouraged the dispersion of final assembly, which now takes place in many more countries, than it did 30 years ago. (Maxcy, G Silberston, A. 1959:15) ? Industrialisation of the auto industry The production of automobiles in volume began in the early 1890s, in Western Europe.The USA started the production of both electric and gas automobiles by 1896. In 1903, Ford stepped in. According to Starkey,K. McKinlay, A the price of cars reduced from USD 850 in 1908 to USD 360 in 1916. The great depression and the World Wars saw a drop in sale; but the 1950s and 1960s were the glorious era for automobiles (driven by Ford, GM and Chrysler). Starkey,K. McKinlay, A (2007:90) argues that production reached 11 million units in 1970. Starkey,K. McKinlay, A further indicates that international business in the automobile industry dates back to the technology transfer of Ford Motor Company’s mass-production model from the U. S. to Western Europe and Japan following both World Wars I and II. This gives rise to two important trends. The first one is that, the advancements in industrialization led to significant increase in the growth and production of the Japanese and German automotive markets. The second important trend was that due to the oil embargo from 1973 to 1974, the export of fuel efficient cars from Japan to the U. S. Earlier due to low fuel prices, US was producing ‘muscle cars’ but after the oil price shocks US had to compete with Europe and Japan who succeeded in producing fuel efficient cars. For the first time, design, marketing, prices, customer satisfaction etc become important in the automobile market. By 1982, Japan became the world leader in US market. The potential growth opportunities led to global overcapacity in automobile industry. 1990s observed the merger and acquisition (M;A) and formation of strategic alliances to tackle this overcapacity problem. Increasing global trade also act as a major factor for rising growth in world commercial distribution systems, which has also increased the global competition amongst the automobile manufacturers.Japanese automakers have instituted innovative production methods by modifying the U. S. manufacturing model. They are also capable of adapting and utilizing technology to enhance production and increase product competition. Starkey,K. ; McKinlay, A(2007:75) argues that the rising competition and increasing global trade are the major factors in improving the global distribution system and has forced many auto-giants such as General Motors, Ford, Toyota, Honda, Volkswagen, and Daimler Chrysler, to shift their production bases in different developing countries which help hem operate efficiently in a globally competitive marketplace. ? Globalisation of the automotive industry Firms globalize when they attempt to integrate key day-to-day functions on a global scale, such as component sourcing, vehicle development, new model introduction (the Big Three’s investments in Mexico are a good example). From a geographic point of view, the world automotive industry is in the midst of a profound transition. Since the mid-1980s, it has, like many other industries, been shiftin g from a series of discrete national industries to a more integrated global industry. Global integration embeds firms in larger regional and global-scale systems of production, consumption, innovation, sourcing, command and control. These global ties have been accompanied by strong regional structures at the operational level. (Sturgeon, T. ; Florida, R. 2000:17) Market differences sometimes require automakers to alter the design of their vehicles to fit the characteristics of specific markets (e. g. , right vs. left hand drive, more rugged suspension and larger fuel tanks for developing countries, pick-up trucks for Thailand and Australia, etc. ).While many vehicles are designed with global markets in mind, an increasing number are developed with inputs from affiliated regional design centres, where designers and engineers help to tailor vehicles to national and regional markets. But, since the early 1990s, outsourcing has led to the creation of large global suppliers, which have taken on a more extensive role in the areas of design, production and foreign investment. The largest 20-30 suppliers have shifted the balance of power away from leading automakers, although in a very partial and incomplete way.Globalisation has created two classes of suppliers in the automotive industry, global and local. In the past, lead firms either exported parts to offshore assembly plants or relied on local suppliers in each production location. Today, a new class of supplier has been added, the global supplier (Sturgeon and Lester, 2004). This trend has expanded the field of customers for many large suppliers to the automotive industry. Vickery, G(1996:17) argues that most of the top suppliers now serve US, European and Japanese lead firms and have had to adapt to the different approaches these firms take to vehicle development and to forming and aintaining supplier linkages. You read "Degree of Globalisation of Ford Motor Company" in category "Papers" Lead firm globalisation has also meant globalisation for suppliers, as demands for local production are now often part of winning contracts. ? Global integration of the automotive industry Ball, D. A. et al (2000:10) argues that there are three major global integration trends of world automotive industry global market dynamics, establishment of global alliances, ; industry consolidation: Global Market Dynamics – The world’s leading automobile manufacturers cont inue to invest into production facilities in emerging markets in order to reduce production costs and therefore rise in profits. These emerging markets include Latin America, China, Malaysia and other markets in Southeast Asia. Establishment of Global Alliances – Now-a-days, there is trend of joint venture in global automotive industry. Most of the giant automobile manufacturers are merging with each others. The big three U. S. automakers (GM, Ford and Chrysler) have merged with, and in some cases established commercial strategic partnerships with other European and Japanese automobile manufacturers.Industry Consolidation – Increasing global competition amongst the global manufacturers and positioning within foreign markets has divided the world’s automakers into three groups, the first group being GM, Ford, Toyota, Honda and Volkswagen, and the two remaining group manufacturers attempting to consolidate or merge with other lower group automakers to compete with the first group companies. The automobile industry is typically considered to be at the forefront of globalization.Evidence supporting this view includes: †¢the intricate network of alliances and cross-shareholdings among automobile companies, within nations and regions but also between regions †¢intensified M;A (mergers and acquisitions) activities in the 1990s, involving both end-producers and automotive input suppliers (PricewaterhouseCoopers 2000); †¢the trend towards technologically motivated cooperation agreements, which was caused, inter alia, by end-producers entering into new forms of partnerships for the design of principal components and subsystems (UNCTAD 1998: 25 f. ; †¢and the significant role of intra-firm trade, e. g. of US-based automobile multinationals (UNCTAD 1999: 443). Sturgeon, T. ; Florida, R. (2000:9) further argues that a greater degree of global integration in the automotive industry has developed at the level of design, as global firms have sought to leverage design efforts across products sold in multiple end markets. The work of vehicle design and development continues to be concentrated in, or near, the headquarters of lead firms.In addition, suppliers of parts have taken on a larger role in design and have established their own design centres close to their major customers to facilitate collaboration.? Brief Ford background Few companies are as closely identified with the history and development of industry and society throughout the 20th century as Ford Motor Company. Ford Motor Company entered the business world on June 16, 1903, when Henry Ford and 11 business associates signed the company’s articles of incorporation.As with most great enterprises, Ford Motor Company’s beginnings were modest. With $28,000 in cash, the pioneering industrialists gav e birth to what was to become one of the world’s largest corporations. With the company’s first sale came hope—a young Ford Motor Company had taken its first steps. The company went public and, on Feb. 24, 1956, had about 350,000 new stockholders. Today, with about 300,000 employees and 108 plants worldwide, the company’s core and affiliated automotive brands include Aston Martin, Ford, Jaguar, Land Rover, Lincoln, Mazda, Mercury and Volvo.Its automotive-related services include Ford Motor Credit Company. They are currently headquartered at Dearborn, Michigan (US), and distribute automobiles, including cars and trucks, in 200 markets spanning six continents. Perhaps Ford Motor Company’s single greatest contribution to automotive manufacturing was the moving assembly line. The line proved tremendously efficient, helping the company exceed the production levels of their competitors by a sizeable amount—and making the vehicles more affordable.The company is beginning its second century of existence with a worldwide organization that retains and expands Henry Ford’s heritage by developing products that serve the varying and ever-changing needs of people in the global community. ? Challenges of Ford The United auto workers union continues to be a major challenge for Ford and the automotive industry at large. The challenge for the last century has been employee satisfaction which leads to constant strikes throughout the corporation. Managers have been battling with employees and unions on keeping wages, hours, and retirement plans fair.Ford initially faced UAW resistance and was only able to gain the union’s cooperation after management had put the work in to create a shared understanding of the extent of the transformation required To overcome the organizational challenges, they launched initiatives to help diffuse new process innovations across the company. (Starkey,K. ; McKinlay, A 2007:8) Ford is currently spending a large proportion of their earnings on health care for their retirees as compared with newer automakers.In the past, Ford has offered generous plans to attract workers to its plants, but no one thought about what would happen when these workers got to the age of retirement. Well, that time has arrived and the company is facing a difficult future as these costs of retirement continue to rise Currently Ford is burdened with health care and pension costs of as much as $1,500 per vehicle in competing with foreign-based companies and have sought tax relief from Congress to alleviate this disadvantage.Ford is unfairly burdened in competing with both imports and domestic production from foreign-based automakers by their own rising pension and health care costs. Ford spent $2 billion on retiree health care in 2004, By comparison, Toyota’s employees in Japan are switched from the company health care plan to a national health care syste m within two years of retirement; the company is thus responsible currently for retiree health care coverage of only 3,000 persons in Japan (Treece, B. J 2005:26) Secondly, increasing global competition is changing the environment facing most companies today.As trade barriers fall and transaction costs decline, new global competitors are entering previously more isolated domestic markets. In response to this intensified competitive pressure, local companies are pushed to enhance performance by innovating and adopting process and product improvements. Global competitors have established efficient operations in the US and earn much of their worldwide profit in the US market. The Japan-based OEMs (primarily Toyota, Honda, and Nissan), with their superior â€Å"lean production† process, were able to produce higher quality vehicles at lower cost.This competitive challenge was the most crucial driver of higher productivity as the Big Three were forced to respond by introducing their own versions of lean production. At the same time, the Korea-based OEMs competed on low cost, intensifying price pressure in the small car segment, and the German- (and Japan-) based OEMs provided a strong challenge in the luxury and performance segments. This three-pronged competitive threat took market share from the Big Three and put pressure on their profitability. Grimm, B. rgues that the problem is Ford’s key product — its gas-guzzling sport/utility vehicles — is seeing declining demand that has forced the company to step up the cash-back offers needed to maintain sales. That should not have been a surprise, given rising gasoline prices that are not expected to moderate because of a shortage of refining capacity. But Ford has not responded effectively to sudden market changes. Instead of introducing new vehicles to fit new market conditions, it has tried to keep sales of unpopular vehicles strong through ever-increasing financial incentives.It is very unwise for a high-cost producer to lead a price war. The result was financial loss accompanying market share loss to more cost-effective foreign competitors Thirdly, the automotive industry in the US is also strongly affected by regulation. Concerns about safety, fuel economy, and emissions have resulted in a complex and changing regulatory environment. Vehicles and parts imported into the US market on average face a very low tariff, while foreign direct investment is allowed, and even encouraged More to that, is the challenge of overcapacity.According to the Wall Street Journal, the industry is capable of building nearly 86 million vehicles a year, about 30 million more than will be sold this year. And by 2015 the industry will only get to 85 percent of capacity utilization. Ford is no exception. Its worldwide capacity tops the 8 million level, and sales are about 7 million. So it should close factories it doesn’t need. The automobile industry has been plagued by mass overcapacity and has been in decline for decades. In addition the rivalry among the competitors is very strong is this industry.The major competitors are so closely balanced that it increases the rivalry. In order to gain market share in the automobile must gain market share by taking it from their competitors. One of the other reasons there is such high rivalry is that there is a lack of differentiation opportunities. All the companies make cars, trucks or SUV’s. The competitors are compared to one another constantly. The price, quality, durability, and many other aspects of different manufacturers are greatly taken into consideration when deciding what type of vehicle to purchase. When the different manufacturers advertise they even compare their products to their competitors. For example, the commercials will focus on areas where the company outperforms its competitors. Another challenge to Ford in the context of global competition is rising material costs. Raw materials include rubber, glass, steel, plastic, and aluminium. Over the past few years, the cost of raw materials has increased significantly, mostly due to the price increase of oil and natural rubber. According to the U. S. Bureau of Labor, from June 2007 to June 2008, the prices of steel-mill products increased 30. percent (a sharp spike, but minimal compared to the 105. 6 percent cost increase of crude petroleum). Iron and steel scrap prices increased 96. 9 percent during that time period, while diesel fuel jumped 85 percent. The Bureau of Labor predicts that in light of the growing worldwide demand for products such as steel and petroleum-driven by India, China and other surging economies-it is unlikely prices will decrease much, if at all, anytime soon. Some suppliers want automakers to pay an extra 10% to 20% when renewing contracts because of rising steel prices. Automakers are balking, demanding instead that suppliers find ways to cut costs. If automakers accept the price increases sought by suppliers, the likely impact is $100 to $200 a car. Because of intense sales competition, automakers would be unlikely to pass that increase on to buyers, further draining profits already hurt by customer incentives. Product Differentiation Key to Ford’s Survival in the Competitive Automotive industry Porter, M. E (1980:35) argues that in the context of formulating a competitive strategy, firms can decide between cost leadership, focus, or product differentiation strategy.In my view Ford needs to continually differentiate their products from their competitors. Product differentiation as the prefered option is a business level strategy in which firms attempt to create and exploit differences between their products and those offered by competitors. These differences may lead to competitive advantage if customers perceive the difference and have a preference for the difference. Successful product differentiation will mean that customers have a preference for the Ford’s products and these customers’ preferences will lead them to pay a premium price for the Ford’s products.Porter, M. E (1980:38) further argues that the notion of a base of differentiation is important because it allows the firm to focus its efforts on creating and exploiting a particular difference between its products and competitors’ products. Everything from tangible product characteristics to abstract intangible concepts like national or regional pride could potentially be a base of differentiation. A successful product differentiation strategy for ford will include the appropriate implementation of the strategy with respect to organizational structure, management controls, and compensation policies.Differentiation primarily impacts performance through reducing directness of competition: As the product becomes more different, categorization becomes more difficult and hence draws fewer comparisons with its competition. A successful product differentiation strategy will move Ford’s products from competing based primarily on price to competing on non-price factors (such as product characteristics, distribution strategy, or promotion variables) Ford is justified to use differentiation strategy because its most highly valued attributes will become commodity features over time.To combat that loss of advantage or uniqueness, Ford needs to be continually developing new value and benefits in existing products or services and/or developing new products and services to remain in a market leader position. Another justification for this strategy is cost leadership imposes severe burdens on the firm to keep up its position and Focus will not be an effective strategy because of the stiff competition that is present in the world automotive industry needs the flexibility that product differentiation strategy offers.Conclusions Fordism was instrumental in the mass production revolution ; internationalisatio n of the automotive industry. International business in the automobile industry dates back to the technology transfer of Ford Motor Company’s mass-production model from the U. S. to Western Europe and Japan. The automotive industry is at the forefront of globalization. The world automotive industry is in the midst of a profound globalisation transition.Currently the three major global integration trends of world automotive industry are Global Market Dynamics, Establishment of Global Alliances Industry Consolidation Ford has many challenges it faces in competing globally. These are labour representation by the united auto workers union, very high health care and pension costs, foreign competitors, strong rivalry between competition, overcapacity, too much regulation rising material costs And lastly product differentiation is a key strategy for Ford’s survival in the competitive automotive industry. ?References jhtml†http://www. pwc. com/gx/en/automotive/index. jhtml How to cite Degree of Globalisation of Ford Motor Company, Papers

Ethical Issues in Businesses

Question: Identify what you think is the most important ethical issue facing businesses, and how you think businesses should cope with or respond to theat issue. Answer: Ethical dilemma in businesses is a matter of global concern. The ethical issues more often arise from a variety of matters within the organization. Over time, increased cases of unethical accounting practices in the listed companies have been noted. As such, it is noteworthy that accounting practice ethics ranks among the important ethical issues facing modern businesses (Bhasin 145). Therefore this paper seeks to analyze the accounting practices ethics and ultimately give recommendations that significantly reduce cases of unethical accounting practices. Accounting is an indispensable part of any institution as it significantly contributes to the success of the businesses. Similarly, the general public needs relevant accounting information to aid their decision-making process. Accordingly, accountants are required to be individuals of unquestionable integrity so as to prepare financial statements that comply with the necessary code of ethical conduct as well as the stipulated accounting standards. However, in some cases, Accountants present unclear and subjective information that do not show the accurate financial position of the company hence misleading the financial information users that heavily rely on the financial statements (Bhasin 147). Moreover, unethical accounting practices have largely contributed to the increasing cases of corporate scandals globally. Remarkably, organizations should put in place measure to curb the instances of unethical accounting practices. In 2002, the US federal government responded with an Act called the Sarbanes Oxley Act that required publicly traded companies to comply with the new financial reporting requirements (Shaw 76). As such, organizations should put great emphasize on the requirements of the Act. Furthermore, internal controls need to be strengthened to assist in detection and prevention of fraudulent activities in the accounting system. Works Cited Bhasin, Madan. "Survey of Creative Accounting Practices: An Empirical Study."Wulfenia Journal KLAGENFURT23.1 (2016): 143-162. Shaw, William.Business ethics: A textbook with cases. Nelson Education, 2016..

Movie Theater Persuasive Essay Essay Example

Movie Theater Persuasive Essay Paper Have you ever been to Harking Arcadia 8 lately? Well they are closing their doors. All of the kids around town Including myself are disappointed and want to keep the theater open. Kids love going to the theater after school and on the weekends. Not all kids can see new movies because It Is out of their way/area. It Is the cheapest theater we know. Kids always go to the theater after school and on the weekends. Imagine It Is after school, you have no homework, what are you supposed to do sit around and be bored? Kids love watching movies, especially new ones. Not every kid has a DVD player to watch DVDs. If they were to close the theater kids couldnt see movies unless they go out of their way. Some parents dont have a car to drive their kids to a different theater and Harking Arcadia 8 is in walking distance for a lot of people, if the only other theater is out of their way how do they get there? I know a lot of parents who dont want to take their kids to a movie theater far from their homes. Plus, not all parents want to go to the movie theater. Most kids I know can go to that theater buy a ticket and snacks on their allowance! We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Theater Persuasive Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Theater Persuasive Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Theater Persuasive Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Parents dont want to spend a lot of money on expensive theaters either. Since it is cheaper kids can see movies more often. I know that some people think The movies are Just like T. V. Why cant kids just stay home and watch T. V. For free? Well everybody likes to get out of the house kids dont like to be cramped up in the house all the time watching T. V. Again, all of the kids in town really want to keep the theater open. Kids can go their after school and on the weekends. They cant see movies if the theater is to far out of their way/area. Its the cheapest theater we know.

Rapid Economic Growth in South Korea and Taiwan †Economics Essay

Rapid Economic Growth in South Korea and Taiwan – Economics Essay Free Online Research Papers Rapid Economic Growth in South Korea and Taiwan Economics Essay In 1960, South Korea and Taiwan were as poor as many present African countries. However, from 1960 to 1989, South Korea and Taiwan increased their per-capital GDP by 6.82% and 6.17%, which compare to other less developed countries is significantly high. The outstanding transformation of South Korea and Taiwan in these 30 years is often seen as an example of what export-led growth. But Rodrik (1995) argues that the rapid economic growth and ‘take off’ in South Korea and Taiwan was a result of an investment boom rather than an export oriented strategy. This essay will discuss this theory. Rodrik shows 6 reasons to reject the export-led growth hypothesis. His first point is â€Å"Relative Profitability of Export†. In this point, he raises a counter argument. He says that Ian Little (1994) states that the success of Korea and Taiwan was related to exports. Little uses three points to support his statement. First of all, he finds that Korea and Taiwan succeeded on the growth of labour-intensive manufactures. Then, he claims that the manufactures were based on the exports. Also, he discovers that the bias against manufacturing for export was removed. However, Rodrik indicates that the economics of Korea was related to the politics in the 1950s. The government of Korea, which was quite different from now, paid no attention to economic growth and exports at that time. According to Rodrik’s opinion, the incentive effects of export seem to be unsuccessful. In Taiwan, there seems to be no incentive effects of export. Rodrik analyses the differences between â€Å"export orientation† and â€Å"investment boom†. He mentions that export orientation may not obviously lead to an investment boom. Rodrik raises two examples, Turkey and Chile, to prove that even more massive increases in the profitability of exports did not lead to investment boom. He concludes that the success in export may not lead to a success in investment. Rodrik discusses â€Å"the contribution of exports† in the third point of his argument. He mentions that since the export base was so small early on (especially in Korea), until the mid-1970s at least, the contribution of export to the growth of GDP could not have been very high. There were only over 10% in Taiwan, and in Korea, exports were less than 5% of GDP around 1960. So, exports were barely a small part of the initial growth spurt in both countries. Rodrik talks about â€Å"Productivity Spillovers from Exports†. In this part, he shows a counter argument that it is given top billing in its exposition of the dynamic benefits outward orientation by the World Bank. He analyses that the common presumption is that the contribution of exports to growth was from technological spillovers and cumulative productivity benefits deriving from export performance, but not from the demand side or through investment. There is no evidence to prove that technological externalities associated with outward orientation or exports. In fact, it is easy to find both developing countries and developed whose efficiency performance over 20 years or more has coordinated that of the NIEs. In Rodrik’s article, he discusses â€Å"the rising share of exports in GDP is consistent with investment led growth†. He mentions that it is quite clear that the investment boom, which requires increase in imports, is caused by a comparative shortage in producing capital products. Exports increase as share of GDP will pay for imports if international borrowing is restrained. The reason why it became profitable to invest should cause the reason of the fast growth. Rodrik discusses the role of savings in the last point of his argument. He finds that alongside investment was risen by saving in both South Korea and Taiwan. A large number of accounts report that the economic growth has caused the increase in saving in both countries. Interest rates were increased to deposit, and government policy is helpful to raise savings in both countries. The rapid growth in export and GDP ratios is the proof for the export led growth hypothesis. On the other hand, investment and GDP also speedily grew. In the 1980s, investment increased from 10% of GDP in the 1950s to 30% in South Korea and Taiwan. The growth of Taiwan and South Korea was explained by the massive increase in investment demand in the early 1960s. The technical progress in South Korea and Taiwan has essentially become null. It reflects the fact that there is very irrelevant growth residual left over to explain, once the phenomenal rate of factor accumulation is taken into account. Therefore, the rapid growth caused by capital accumulation rather than the increasing in industrial factor productivity (Rodrik, 1995). Rodrik indicates that governments managed the growth in the private return to capital. He lists six parts of the causes, and they are â€Å"removing impediments to investment†, â€Å"establishing a sound investment climate†, â€Å"alleviating a coordination failure, which had blocked economic take-off†, â€Å"investment subsides†, â€Å"administrative guidance† and â€Å"use of public enterprise†. All these six elements help governments to manage the increase. It is not quite sure that export orientation was a significant causal role in South Korea and Taiwan’s economic growth. The increase of exports during the 1960s is too small to calculate for the phenomenal export boom. Furthermore, exports were initially too small to have a main effect on aggregate economic performance. A presumption claimed that the growth of South Korea and Taiwan is brought by the investment boom is more acceptable. Reference: Rodrik, D. 1995. â€Å"Getting Interventions Right: How South Korea and Taiwan Grew Rich†. Economic Policy, Pp 55- 107. Research Papers on Rapid Economic Growth in South Korea and Taiwan - Economics EssayDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBringing Democracy to AfricaTwilight of the UAW

Change Detection

Introduction Most people are unaware of the changes in their visual environments until attention is drawn directly to those minor changes. Individuals do not often detect changes because of the lack of attention or insignificance of the change. In order for an individual to notice a change like color, location and identity of an object, attention must somehow be drawn to that object. A general conclusion from this body of work is that attention is necessary for detecting change (Rensink et al. , 1997). Being unable to detect a change in an object is called change blindness. Researchers seem to think that change blindness is the cause of many car accidents. Looking away from a road then looking back is a change that is very difficult to perceive which results in quite a few car accidents. Method In this experiment two pictures were represented in modification for each trial. On half of the trials the two pictures were alike but in the other half the pictures changed in some way. For each pair either the pictures appeared instantly after each other or they flickered. The participants in this study consist of a psychology class in the College of Staten Island. In order to start this experiment, students were asked to sign in to their CogLab accounts. To start the first trial of the change detection experiment, participants were required to press the space bar. One picture will appear after the other. The task in this experiment is to detect whether or not there is a change in the two pictures. If the image changes students press the â€Å"c† key but if the image doesn’t change students press the â€Å"n† key. This test measures our reaction time as well as our ability to detect changes in the pictures. The independent variable in this experiment is was the flicker and no flicker conditions. Two dependent variables were measured which were reaction time and proportion of correct judgments. Reaction time was the time between the appearance of the stimuli and the time that it took participants to make a response. Results It has been predicted that the percentage correct is smaller and the reaction time is slower for the flicker condition the no flicker condition. In the no flicker condition it is easier to identify the change in the picture because the change is almost immediately distinguished. On the other hand, the pictures with the flicker condition, the blank gray leads to changes throughout the picture which results in participants having to look at the picture item by item until the change is noticed. My results show that these predictions are somewhat true. In the flicker condition my reaction time was 11281. 6 ms and the proportion correct of change detected was 0. 625. In the no flicker condition my reaction time was 7667. 143, which is apparently significantly longer than predicted to be, but my proportion correct was . 875 which is slightly greater. Discussion The basic idea of this experiment is that people cannot store many details of a scene in memory. The vital aspect seems to be attention. In order to identify a change in an object, it is necessary to pay attention to that certain object; otherwise no change will be detected. The brain is unable to see a change happening to an element it has not yet stored. Selective attention is a key part in detecting a change in an object, scene or picture. My results for this experiment confirm that divided attention and change detection come hand in hand.

The sun also rises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The sun also rises - Essay Example Even though the generation following the war was usually referred to as â€Å"The Lost Generation†, the title of the book and its closing content is quite optimistic. Of course there may be many reasons why Hemingway chose this title and this paper will review his reasons for why he chose it. Jake Barnes, the main character and the narrator of the novel, was a veteran of The World War I, who later worked as a journalist in Paris. This book is a narration of the problems he had faced following the war and how he finally recovered from them. The author probably takes this as the theme behind the title. The initial pages of the book, recounts an injury that had caused many troubles to Jake, one among which included his inability to have sex. This had made Jack feel insecure about his masculinity and that he is less of a man that he was before. The fact that Brett, who was the love of his life, refused to enter into a relationship with Jake because of his impotency had made him feel very unhappy and depressed and had added to his insecurity. In many ways Jake was a typical member of what Gertrude Stein called â€Å"The Lost Generation†, which referred to the generation that experienced the grueling effects of World War 1, and when people had lost their belief in moral ity, faith and justice. The people of the Lost Generation lived an aimless life and spent their time engaged in worthless activities like boozing and dancing. In the early chapters of the book Jake’s character reminds the reader of the people of the Lost Generation, as he spent most of his time in the bar getting drunk. However, in the later chapters of the book and true its title, the sun does begin to shine on Jake. It narrates how Jake learned to find a solution for his problems, and how he no longer considered his impotency as a major issue. One realizes this for the first time when Jake goes out fishing in Burguete with his friend Bill Gorton. There, Jake truly enjoys his

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Compare and contrast - Essay Example As this is a new induction in the particular market of the geographic domain so the word ‘Introduction’ has been written in a bold type so as to make people aware that the car is a new one and must be looked at by all and sundry. Also the advertisement shows the car with a man (human element) at the top portion of the advertisement while the body copy is fitted in the bottom half where one smaller photograph of the said car is pasted. In the body copy of the advertisement, the car’s features have been detailed so as to make a reader get noticed about them. The background of the whole advertisement has been kept as black and on that the font color for both the tag line and the copy is white with shades of bold type in the heading portions. The name of Renault with its model ‘Le Car’ has also been put at the very bottom of the print advertisement so that the balance is retained within the advertisement and a person is made aware of the company when he t ries to exit his mind and eye from the print advertisement. The body copy has discussed the car’s different features, its performance, fantastic ride, its being the city car as well as its price thus offering the potential customers of the car a complete package in the whole print advertisement. This second advertisement is of Alpine car audio systems in which a $125,000 Lamborghini has been shown in the center of the print advertisement. This is also a magazine advertisement as the body copy is more than in a usual newspaper advertisement, which relies more on artwork and slogan (the tag line) than anything else. The advertisement has detailed the body copy at the bottom in a two-column format where its details have been provided but the font size is too small for an on-looker to see from a distance and comprehend. It is only when a person closely reads the advertisement that he gets the point that what is there in the advertisement for him or her. As the

Invent School Program Essay Example for Free

Invent School Program Essay I. Introduction Some students from Bansud National Highschool – Regional Science Highschool for Region IV-B MIMAROPA with other school’s representative from different towns in Mindoro joined a seminar held on 16-17th day of April 2013 at Filipiniana Hotel Convention Hall Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro. The seminar is about on how to make a Science Investigatory Project and some topics regarding in research fields. The representative of Department of Science and Technology – Technology Application and Promotion Institute (DOST – TAPI) organized a seminar for us. The speakers for the seminar are Dr. George M. Colorado, Ms. Teresita O. De Vera, and others. In our two-day seminar the topics they discussed is about â€Å"Creativity†, †Creative, Perceptive, and Inventive Thinking†, â€Å"Ideation tools and Techniques†, â€Å"Creative Problem Solving Process†, â€Å"Invention Development†, â€Å"Prior Art Search†, and â€Å"Intelectual Property Rights.† II. Knowledge / Learning Acquired I have knowledge on making a Science Investigatory Project because when I was on 5th grade level I joined a contest regarding on it. I also have knowledge in research fields because we have a subject about in our class about it. Based on what I learned from the seminar It is important to always ask yourself, train to think always so that your mind can easily perceive the things around our surroundings to come up a novel invention. I also learned from the speakers the difference of an invention and not. The most emphasized thing in the seminar is how to think and invent a creative Science Investigatory Project. III. Observation During our seminar I observed that our speakers have enough knowledge about the topic they are discussing. I also observed that they have freebies for us to participate in their discussion and question and answer portion. I observed that all students are interested to the topic they discussed and participated with the speakers attentively and most of all listened enough to learn. IV. Recommendations/ Suggestions I suggest that they provide a hand outs for all the participants of the seminar so that the participants or all students have notes to be compile and use it while the seminar is going on so that they don’t need to copy instead they will focused on listening to the speaker.

Black America and the American Nightmare :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

Black America and the American Nightmare "The Myth of Sisyphus" parallels the lack of an "American Dream" in black America. In " The Myth Of Sisyphus, " Albert Camus describes the tragedy of Sisyphus, forever punished by the gods to push a rock up a mountain, watch the rock roll down the mountain, and then push it up the mountain again. In the words of Camus, "there is no more dreadful punishment than futile and hopeless labor." The "American Dream" is still alive for white Americans. They still dream of large houses, big paychecks, and hard work leading to a comfortable retirement. However, like an animal battling to fight extinction, the "American Dream" is on its last breath in black America . . . " Uh, you know that stuff we told you about apple pie and equal opportunity, spacious skies and rags to riches and making more money than your parents did? Well, uh, we forgot to tell you something. That was only supposed to apply to white people." Does the "American Dream" really exist in the black community or do blacks labor under the false impression that our lives will be better in the future? Am I wasting my time paying for a degree from college in a country where I have to put my skin color on every form I sign my name to? Sisyphus intrigues Camus because he questions Sisyphus' thoughts about his fate. " At that subtle moment when man glances backward over his life, Sisyphus returning toward his rock, in the sight pivoting he contemplates that series of unrelated actions which becomes his fate, created by him, combined under his memory's eye and soon sealed by his death." As Sisyphus returns to his rock, does he question his fate? Unlike blacks in America, Sisyphus created his own fate. Sisyphus is aware that he will labor in futility until the end of time. He is not under any false impressions that the gods will call his punishment off because of good behavior. He knows his fate and has accepted it. Do blacks also labor in futility, hoping that someone will go back and change history? Sisyphus accepts the rock as his future. This absurd form of acceptance is the only thing that keeps Sisyphus from going crazy. He is superior to his fate because he survives despite it. Do blacks in America also accept their fate?

My Personal Experience

It was about a month ago I was on the phone with my sister. She recently broke up with her boyfriend and now she say she ended her relationship with Shawn her bestrides since the fifth grade. Knowing that Darlene can sometimes be hasty in her decisions to end friendships rather than confront a problem (we once had a similar situation) I asked her if she was sure she was doing the right thing and had actually discussed this with Shawn. I remember the one time she confronting the robber meant unplugging my computer in the middle Of a research project and storming out of the apartment. )She assured me that she had and that surprisingly enough. Shawn agreed the friendship needed to be ended. It was hard she said. She pushed her two close friends away. But ,she added, she felt good. She felt strong and ready to grow in a new direction. While I was reflecting on this conversation. I thought about the friendships I have had in my life. Some were good, some bad. A few have lasted.However, co st have fallen apart either due to lack of communication or lack of mood. Sometimes like the situation above both parties understand the break. I don't regret much in my life and one of the things do not regret is saying goodbye in certain relationships/friendships. It is this aspect of friendships on which I will focus rather than the friends I still have or the friendships I wish I hadn't severed. These expired relationships often teach us just as much as the other types. Friends should not belittle or emotionally abuse you and/or only give and tot take.That is the reason several of my friendships have ended. There is also always the friends who take a separate path or resents you for taking yours. But whoever the reason friendships end. This is a good thing. Imagine all the emotional baggage, bad memories, and embarrassing people you would have to cart around with you forever. I have learned from the friendships I was in and how they taught me important lessons. I have learned th at people might be as supportive and loving as possible but only do it for their own purposes. Melanie told me she ether be Monday's friend.I realized that some people only want friends when they need them and can control them. Another friend named Carry taught me that some values and decisions can not be overloaded. Sometimes two people change so much that they can not remain friends. Do get sad and statistical when remember some of these friendships. There are times that I dearly miss my high school days with Andy. There are times miss the sleepovers with Tanana. There are also times when I wish Melanie and I could have separated responsibilities and feelings.However, when I get the emails that begin â€Å"l know we haven't talked in two years but or when I remember the reason the friendship ended in the first place. I briefly consider rekindling the friendship and then more often than not, realize that these times in my life have ended for a reason. Have like Darlene well grown and changed. Have became stronger and more compassionate in my treatment of others. These friends of the past have given me this gift. I am also who I am today because of the friends I no longer have.

Importance of Physician/Patient Communication Essay

Thesis Statement The communication relationship between physician and patient has an impact on diagnoses and treatment options. 1. Four types of truth-telling affect the communication relationship of physician/patient. The quality of communication physicians and patients maintain in the treatment process is very important as it has a bearing on the outcome of the treatment process. The quality of medical care physicians give to patients determines the quality of services exchanged between the two. For communication to be effective, several factors have to be in place. Communication has to be clear, communication has to be timely, communication has to contain the right content, the communication must be disseminated through the proper media and targeting the right recipient. Truth-telling is very central to the physician/patient relationship. How a patient is going to react to the news broken by the physician is highly dependent on the kind of truth-telling approach the physician chooses. The four types of truths; direct, factual, personal and interpretative also known as hermeneutical truth apply in different situations. In truth-telling, the physician has to consider the full impact of the news and therefore decide on whether to apply principle of non-disclosure or full disclosure . Depending on the situation the truths could reveal or conceal information. This is determined by the kind of relationship existing between the patient and the physician. In the process of truth-telling the right environment has to be present. There is a need for trust between the patient and the physician as the level of trust the two parties have for each other directly impacts on communication and perception. There is need for empathy especially considering the fact that some of the news the patient is likely to receive could be bad news concerning issues ranging from death to serious medical conditions. This calls for the physician to gauge the situation and decide on what to reveal or what to conceal. Such a step is likely to save the patient from the agony of having to cope with bad news or the consequences of such breaking of news. There is a need for patience on the part of the physician as well as the part of the patient considering the fact that medical disclosure has an undeniable impact on the communication relationship between the patient and the physician. Physicians should be able to carefully analyze information before disseminating such to the patient. This calls for the physician to be able to set realistic goals for the patient and not to raise hopes even when the situation is clearly negative. This implies that it is the responsibility of the physician to choose what kind of truth to apply as some situations may call for direct truth while others may call for factual truth. In some instances, personal truth may be applicable while in other cases, only interpretive truth could be applicable. However, the bottom line is for the physician to be analytical enough to differentiate situations and decide on the best approach to use. Truth-telling is very important in the medical disclosure process since how poorly or well executed the disclosure is carried out, always has a legal implication. In some other cases, the process of disclosure could have business implications especially if the health care setting is in private practice. A physician is supposed to consider numerous factors especially in regard to the physician’s code of conduct. This calls for the physician to consider issues such as cultural factors . Depending on the culture of the patient, the physicians should device or even improvise communication strategies which will not go in contravention of the cultural beliefs and cultural norms of the patients. This points to the importance of physician’s knowledge in cultural issues in the community where the physician serves. The physician must understand how different cultures treat issues such as death. Such knowledge is important because breaking news in an offensive manner could cause unnecessary tensions between the physician and the patient. Truth-telling therefore should be determined by cultural considerations and depending on cultural orientations of the patient, it is the responsibility of the physician to choose the method of communication, the approach to use as well as how the different types of truths are applicable in the given cultural context . Truth-telling from the physician’s perspective, consist of full disclosure or limited disclosure . Several factors determine what type of disclosure the physician finally settles on. However, it is crucial for the physician to consider the patient’s right to know when it comes to the decision on whether to give full disclosure or limited disclosure . The right to know as it applies to the patient is a fundamental human right. However, to the physician it is a question of ethics and implications. This results into a kind of conflict within the physician’s mind as well as between the physician and the patient . The situation worsens if the legal implications of a full disclosure are higher than the potential benefits. This is when a physician is supposed to make a rational decision and go for the limited disclosure . It is evident that some issues that surround the physician’s ability to tell the truth are beyond the physician’s ability and as a result, the physician has to possess high communication skills. The physician is faced with the problem of honouring and fulfilling the needs and demands of the patient. Equally important are the personal traits of the physician given the fact that some decisions a physician makes are largely determined by the character of the physician . A physician who is indecisive is likely to fail to make the right decisions while a physician who is apt is likely to make decisions on the kind of disclosure to make to the patient . Apart from physician’s personal ability to deal with challenging situations, other factors come in play in regard to physician’s perspective about disclosures. The impact of the physician’s origin is demonstrated in the kind of decisions which the physician makes when it comes to disclosures. For instance, the origin of the physician especially in regard to expatriates has an effect on the kind of decisions considering the fact that different places have different norms and standards of doing things. However, physicians’ code of conduct demands that every physician consider the outcome of truth-telling in regard to psychological repercussions of the decisions the physician makes. The origin of the physician also determines the effectiveness of the physician’s communication as historical and cultural factors all have an effect on truth-telling. If a physician has gone through a traumatizing past or had encountered difficult and challenging situations in the past, this can have an impact on the kind of decision the physician makes . However, professionalism dictates that the physician must always act in the best interest of the patient in as long as the decisions do not hurt any party. There still remains a dilemma amongst many physicians when faced with the question of whether to obey the wishes of the patient or to go by their instincts as informed by professionalism. The physician’s conduct, when around the patient, can aid or hinder patient’s compliance and satisfaction . It is imperative for the physician to understand the psychological process or disposition the patient undergoes while sick. By the physician behaving in an offensive or unprofessional manner, this can lead to the patient becoming non-compliant and to become dissatisfied. This sets the precedence for communication breakdown and at this level the question ceases being what kind of truth-telling to tell but how to save the situation and improve the relationship between the patient and the physician. If a physician behaves in an offensive manner next to the patient’s bed, this again hinders the trust the patient has on the physician and the whole institution of health care . This implies that the conduct of a physician has far reaching implications for the professionals not only in the sense of communication but also in the aspect of business relationships . A physician who conducts business in a knowledgeable manner by respecting the cultural background of the patient as well as upholding religious beliefs and background of the patient is likely to enjoy compliance from the patient . Such a physician easily overcomes obstacles and communication becomes easy. The physician who sets such a conducive environment is more likely to experience less challenges in the process of truth-telling and the physician may not experience difficulties in choosing amongst the four types of truths the best and the most suitable for the given situation . Truth-telling from the patient’s perspective can be fully truthful or limited for many reasons. This is because there are effects associated with self-disclosure as there are implications for malpractice. The psychological effects of self-disclosure include the following. A feeling of unworthiness, desperation, vulnerability, as well as the high chances of suffering from psychological conditions such as stress or depression. There are physiological effects associated with self-disclosure. Such may include the craving of a patient to commit harmful actions, self-negligence resulting into body harm as well as harming of those around the patient. Patient dissatisfaction leads to claims of malpractice which ultimately have the potential of affecting the professional. Claims of malpractice affect the credibility of a physician, the credibility of the institution and could also have financial implications . The patient has a right to receive the best care possible and therefore the issues the patient brings out must be addressed fully and without prejudice. The effect bad news delivery has on the communication relationship of the physician/patient vary from individual to individual . For the physician, verbal/non-verbal communication aspect of delivering bad news holds the key to what kind of communication relationship the two are likely to enjoy. As such, the physician must be equipped through training and utilization of the relevant technology to execute and deliver communication in the best way possible. Bad news have different impacts on different patients. This calls for the physician to be analytical about situations and never to take situations for granted by generalization but rather to treat each case as special. Bad news delivery has negative consequences not only for the physician but more so for the patient who suffers psychologically as a result of bad news delivery. Poor delivery of bad news has on many occasions resulted to patients being shocked and in some cases, dying as a result of the effects of bad news delivery . This calls for the health care providers to be genuinely concerned on the impact of delivering bad news and therefore to take time to judge situations on merit before settling on the kind of disclosure suitable for the given situation. There is a need for the physician to assess the ability of the patient to cope with bad news as this is the only to ensure that the impact of bad news delivery are kept at minimal. Social construction in health communication has an impact on the patient’s perspective on communication. Therefore, there is a need for physicians to analyze and understand the patient’s locus of control when it comes to delivering of bad news. Some patients are more stronger than others and can therefore cope with pain associated with bad news. On the other hand, there are some patients who are weak in terms of the ability to cope with bad news. Therefore, social construction in health communication should be considered in the delivery of bad news. The internal/external locus of control requires both the patient and the physician to be weary of implications of communication not only to patients and physicians but also to the society at large. This is especially so considering the fact that some societies view issues related to health matters as communal or familial and it is therefore not the choice to be left to the patients and physicians only . The impact of different communication styles vary between males and females. This requires the physician to be considerate when breaking or delivering news. Communication dynamics therefore must be taken into consideration before deciding on the best type of communication to apply. The context is important because different news may mean different outcomes for males and females alike. It is worth noting that the context should be considered in the determination of the best channel to use in communicating news. Traditionally, story telling and narratives have been favoured by many physicians as effective means of communication regardless of the patient’s gender. However, with the advent of technology, there is a need for physicians to be equipped in other means of communication such as Internet. It is worth noting that usage of analogies, metaphors and similes can aid process of communication. However, such aids could be a form of distraction if not applied carefully. The above-mentioned types of aids must be applied only in proportionate measures with due regard or consideration to the confusion they may bring about . Physicians must be able to choose what type of aid suits what kind of situation and ultimately settle on application of aids which cause the least amount of distraction . The best choice of communication aids must be dictated by the different needs of communication for both the physician and the patient. In conclusion, it is worth noting that communication plays a very central role in health care provision and physicians must always bear in mind the implications of the choices they make in regard to communication. There is a need to improve communication relationships between physicians and patients as the effectiveness of such communication relationship is what determines how effective health care provision will be. References Appelbaum, P.S. , & Grisso, T. (1988). Assessing patients’ capacities to consent to treatment. New England Journal of Medicine, 319(25): pp. 1621-1629. Bourgeois, M. S. (1991) Communication Treatment for Adults with Adults with Dementia, Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 14: pp. 829-841. Davis, Dena S. Legal Trends in Bioethics (review), Journal of Clinical Ethics. 1996: 7(2): pp. 183-96 Dodek, D. Y and Dodek, A. (1997) From Hippocrates to facimile. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 156 (6): pp. 841-858. Finucane, P, Myser, C & Ticehurst, S. Is she fit to sign, doctor? – Practical ethical issues in assessing the competence of elderly patients. Medical Journal of Australia. 1993: 59: pp. 397-413. Herbert, P. C. , Hoffmaster, B. , Glass, K. C. , Singer, P. A. (1997). Bioethics for clinicians: 7. Truth telling. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 156 (2): pp. 223-229. Hilfiker, D. (1984). Facing our mistakes. New England Journal of Medicine, 310(2): pp. 119-125. Kleinman, I. , Baylis, F. , Rodgers, S. , Singer, P. (1997). Bioethics for clinicians: 8. Confidentiality. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 156 (4): pp. 511-514. Lederberg, M. (1997). The psychological repercussions of New York State’s do not resuscitate law: An American experience with mandated â€Å"truth-telling. † Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 809: pp. 219-246. Lidz, C. W. , Meisel, A. , Osterweis, M. , Holden, J. L. , Marx, J. H. & Munetz, M. R. (1983). Barriers to informed consent. Annals of Internal Medicine, 99: pp. 529 – 539. Paier, G. , Miller, P. (1991). The Development of Ethical Thought in Long-Term Care. J. Gerontol. Nursing. 17(10): pp. 19-32. Schneider, C. E. (1994). Bioethics In the language of the law. Hastings Center Report. 24(4): pp. 25. Siegler, M. (1982) Confidentiality in medicine: A decrepit concept. New England Journal of Medicine. 307:pp. 1523-1536. Sigman, G. S. , Kraut, J. , La Puma, J. (1993). Disclosure of a diagnosis to children and adolescents when parents object: A clinical ethics analysis. American Journal of Disabilities in Children, 147 (7): pp. 769-798. Steffen, G. E. & Franklin, C. (1985). Commentaries: Who speaks for the patient with locked-in syndrome? Hastings Center Report, Dec. , pp. 12 – 19. Surbone, A. (1997). Information, truth, and communication: For an interpretation of truth-telling practices throughout the world. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 809: pp. 6-26. Thomasma, D. C. (1994). Telling the truth to patients: A clinical ethics exploration. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 3: pp. 379-390. Ubel, PA, Zell, M. M. , Miller, D. J. , Fischer, G. S. , Peters-Stefani, D. , Arnold, R. M. (1995) Elevator talk: observational study of inappropriate comments in a public space. American Journal of Medicine. 99:pp. 189-199. Weir, R. F. , Peters, C. (1997). Affirming the decisions adolescents make about life and death. Hastings Center Report, 27 (6): pp. 31-44.

Impeachment of Clinton&Johnson essays

Impeachment of Clinton&Johnson essays The Federalist Papers were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in order to garner support for the soon to be Constitution of the United States. In 65, Hamilton discusses the powers of the senate in relation to the impeachment process. The Senate is designated as sufficiently dignified and sufficiently independent since it is able to remain unawed and uninfluenced, and therefore, able to preserve the impartiality between accused and accuser/s. Yet in the impeachment trials of both Presidents Johnson and Clinton, the Senate proved to be anything but uninfluenced as politics came into play during both cases. During his reintegration of the South into the union, Johnson made enemies of an influential faction in the Republican Party, the Radicals. They believed that their goals could only be achieved once the president had been removed from office. Many other Republicans had been offended with his leniency towards the former Confederate States, forcing them to cooperate with the Radicals, yet impeachment seemed to drastic a measure. Two attempts of impeachment were made, but they resulted in failure. The action of President Johnson that led directly to his impeachment was his deliberate violation of the Tenure of Office Act. The Tenure of Office Act expanded the power to advise and consent" by giving the Senate the right to accept or to reject the dismissal of presidential appointees. Under this law, the president could not remove incumbents in the executive branch while the Senate was in session without a majority vote in favor of the action. When the Senate was not in session, the pre sident could suspend an official and appoint a temporary replacement that would remain until the Senate returned and confirmed it. The president had vetoed the act, but the Republican majority in Congress overrode the veto. Believing that the act was unconstitutiona...

Project planning, management and control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project planning, management and control - Essay Example Project control Ð °t the senior mÐ °nÐ °gement level consists of evÐ °luÐ °ting Ð °nd responding to formÐ °l Project StÐ °tus Reports prepÐ °red by the project teÐ °m. These reports detÐ °il the overÐ °ll progress of the project with speciÐ °l Ð °ttention pÐ °id to production delÐ °ys or budget overruns thÐ °t might jeopÐ °rdize contrÐ °ctuÐ °l Ð °greements. The reports Ð °ssist senior mÐ °nÐ °gement in determining when expenditures on Ð ° pÐ °rticulÐ °r project Ð °re no longer profitÐ °ble Ð °nd should be terminÐ °ted. Depending on the level of mÐ °nÐ °gement control, stÐ °tus reports mÐ °y prompt senior mÐ °nÐ °gers to provide Ð °dditionÐ °l funding, direction, or clÐ °rificÐ °tion to the project teÐ °m. In contrÐ °st, project control Ð °t the operÐ °tionÐ °l level is driven by Ð ° need to determine how successful the teÐ °m hÐ °s been in Ð °chieving specific plÐ °nned objectives Ð °nd by Ð ° need to Ð °ssist in the coordinÐ °tion of complex Ð °nd interrelÐ °ted Ð °ctions. The project teÐ °m monitors the progress of eÐ °ch Ð °ctivity, tÐ °king corrective Ð °ction when Ð °ctivities Ð °re shown to be delÐ °yed or drifting (Spinner, 1992). Knutson Ð °nd Bitz (1991) list five stÐ °ges of the operÐ °tionÐ °l project control process: Time, cost, Ð °nd performÐ °nce form the bÐ °sis for the operÐ °ting chÐ °rÐ °cteristics of Ð ° project. These fÐ °ctors help to determine the bÐ °sis for project control. Project control is the process of reducing the deviÐ °tion between Ð °ctuÐ °l performÐ °nce Ð °nd plÐ °nned performÐ °nce. MeÐ °surements Ð °re tÐ °ken on eÐ °ch of the three project constrÐ °ints of time, performÐ °nce, Ð °nd cost. Cost Control. TÐ °king the process one step further, cost control reports compÐ °re scheduled expenditures to Ð °ctuÐ °l expenditures. The purpose of these reports, which Ð °re usuÐ °lly prepÐ °red by finÐ °nciÐ °l plÐ °nners, is to identify or predict possible cost overruns. If Ð ° cost overrun is likely, Ð ° request for

Apple iPhone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Apple iPhone - Research Paper Example This paper presents a detailed analysis of the Apple iPhone and its technology overview. In US, the iPhone was released on June 29, 2007 and people were able to buy it at Apple stores as well as AT&T Mobility. Additionally, the project of iPhone was initiated through the direction of Apple CEO Steve Jobs to Apple engineers to appear into touch-screens technology. All through that time, he was considering on working on tablet personal computers. This was in spite of getting various requests for Apple to produce another PDA. However, the development of iPhone as well as its characteristic and applications developed and released on January 9, 2007; Apple CEO Steve Jobs declared their latest product that was the iPhone. The basic release of the iPhone was done in the 2007 (iPhone scale). After that iPhone 3G was released on July 11, 2008. Apple iPhone has released in approximately eighty territories and countries. After that Apple announced the iPhone 3GS in June, 2009 (Vogelstein). The size of iPhone 3G phone is 2.31 by 0.37 inches and net weight of iPhone 3G is 140 grams. Additionally, the iPhone 3GS is having weighs 137 grams on a postal scale. Consequently in contrast, it is 3 grams heavier. The battery of the iPhone 3G is 5.25 WHr at 3.7V and the iPhone 3GS battery is 4.51 WHr at 3.7V. In addition, in the market IPone is available in two basic colors that are black and white. In the same way the memory space of this phone is available in different memory configurations. Now we can have 4, 8, 16, 32 GB of memory available inside the phone. The main screen of the iPhone is of size 9 cm (3.5 in) with liquid crystal display and touch screen. In addition, this screen offers scratch-resistant glass, as well as 18-bit color (rendering 262,144 colors). Moreover, the touch screen of iPhone is designed in a way that it can sense the bare finger, or multiple fingers in case of multi-touch sensing. The gesture and touch characteristic of the iPhone are